Which of the following is NOT a physiological need according to Maslow, i.e., not base-level?

Which of the following is NOT a physiological need according to Maslow, i.e., not base-level?

• A. Water
• B. Oxygen
• C. Food
• D. Belonging

Answer: (D)

Base-level, or physiological, needs are about staying alive: oxygen for cellular energy, water for hydration, and food for nourishment, along with sleep and shelter. Oxygen is essential for energy production, so without it the body can’t function. Water and food keep the body’s systems running and provide the energy and fluids needed for survival. Belonging is a social need that involves forming relationships and feeling accepted, which Maslow places after physiological and safety needs. It becomes important once basic survival needs are met, so belonging is not a physiological need.

Base-level, or physiological, needs are about staying alive: oxygen for cellular energy, water for hydration, and food for nourishment, along with sleep and shelter. Oxygen is essential for energy production, so without it the body can’t function. Water and food keep the body’s systems running and provide the energy and fluids needed for survival. Belonging is a social need that involves forming relationships and feeling accepted, which Maslow places after physiological and safety needs. It becomes important once basic survival needs are met, so belonging is not a physiological need.